Skip to main content
Skip to footer
Click here or press enter to go to homepage Click here or press enter to go to homepage
  • What we do
  • Who we are
  • Insights
  • Careers
  • Newsroom
  • Investors
Contact us
tata.com logotata.com logoOpen in New Tab

Perpetually Adaptive Enterprise

At TCS, we don’t just help businesses transform. We help them become perpetually adaptive enterprises, built to evolve continuously and confidently in a world of constant change.

Adaptability starts here
  • Industries
  • Services
  • Products and Platforms
  • Research & Innovation
  • Alliances
  • Banking
  • Capital Markets
  • Consumer Packaged Goods and Distribution
  • Communications, Media, and Information Services
  • Education
  • Energy, Resources, and Utilities
  • Healthcare
  • High Tech
  • Insurance
  • Life Sciences
  • Manufacturing
  • Public Services
  • Retail
  • Travel and Logistics
  • Artificial Intelligence and Data & Analytics
  • Cloud
  • Cognitive Business Operations
  • Consulting
  • Cybersecurity
  • Enterprise Solutions
  • IoT and Digital Engineering
  • Network Solutions and Services
  • Sustainability Services
  • TCS Interactive
  • TCS ADD™
  • TCS BANCS™
  • TCS BFSI Platforms
  • TCS CHROMA™
  • TCS Customer Intelligence & Insights™
  • TCS ERP on Cloud
  • ignio™
  • TCS iON™
  • TCS HOBS™
  • TCS Intelligent Urban Exchange™
  • TCS OmniStore™
  • TCS Optumera™
  • TCS Tap™
  • Quartz™ – The Smart Ledgers™
  • TCS TwinX™
  • TCS MasterCraft™
  • Jile™
  • TCS DigiBOLT™
  • TCS AI WisdomNext™
  • TCS Research
  • TCS Pace™
Perpetually Adaptive Enterprise
  • Industries expand here
    • Banking
    • Capital Markets
    • Consumer Packaged Goods and Distribution
    • Communications, Media, and Information Services
    • Education
    • Energy, Resources, and Utilities
    • Healthcare
    • High Tech
    • Insurance
    • Life Sciences
    • Manufacturing
    • Public Services
    • Retail
    • Travel and Logistics
  • Services expand here
    • Artificial Intelligence and Data & Analytics
    • Cloud
    • Cognitive Business Operations
    • Consulting
    • Cybersecurity
    • Enterprise Solutions
    • IoT and Digital Engineering
    • Network Solutions and Services
    • Sustainability Services
    • TCS Interactive
  • Products and Platforms expand here
    • TCS ADD™
    • TCS BANCS™
    • TCS BFSI Platforms
    • TCS CHROMA™
    • TCS Customer Intelligence & Insights™
    • TCS ERP on Cloud
    • ignio™
    • TCS iON™
    • TCS HOBS™
    • TCS Intelligent Urban Exchange™
    • TCS OmniStore™
    • TCS Optumera™
    • TCS Tap™
    • Quartz™ – The Smart Ledgers™
    • TCS TwinX™
    • TCS MasterCraft™
    • Jile™
    • TCS DigiBOLT™
    • TCS AI WisdomNext™
  • Research & Innovation expand here
    • TCS Research
    • TCS Pace™
  • Alliances
  • About Us

    We deliver excellence and create value for customers and communities - everyday. With the best talent and the latest technology we help customers turn complexity into opportunities and create meaningful change.

    Discover the difference
    • Brand
    • Leadership
    • Community
    • Sustainability
    • Inclusion
    • Values
    About Us
  • Brand
  • Leadership
  • Community
  • Sustainability
  • Inclusion
  • Values
  • TCS Insights

    Point of views, research, studies - on the latest themes - to help you expand your knowledge and be future ready.

    Start reading now
    • Customer Stories
    • Events
    • Analyst Recognition
    • Global Studies

    Upcoming events

    15 Dec 2025 TCS Analyst Day 2025: Forging a Truly Adaptive Enterprise
    02 Dec 2025 TCS BaNCS at BankenTech 2025 Frankfurt
    01 Dec 2025 TCS at AWS re:Invent 2025
    View all

    Recent recognitions

    20 Nov 2025 TCS Recognized as a Leader in Healthcare Data, Analytics, and AI Services by Everest Group
    18 Nov 2025 TCS Recognized as a Leader in Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods Services by Everest Group
    11 Nov 2025 TCS Named a Leader in Digital Workplace Services by Everest Group
    View all
    TCS Insights
  • Customer Stories
  • Events
  • Analyst Recognition
  • Global Studies
  • Want to be a global change-maker? Join our team.

    At TCS, we believe exceptional work begins with hiring, celebrating and nurturing the best people — from all walks of life.

    Join us
    • India
    • Americas
    • Asia Pacific
    • Europe and UK
    • Middle East and Africa
    • India
    • Argentina
    • Brazil
    • Canada
    • Chile
    • Colombia
    • Ecuador
    • Mexico
    • Peru
    • Uruguay
    • USA
    • Australia
    • Mainland China
    • Hong Kong SAR
    • Indonesia
    • Japan
    • Malaysia
    • New Zealand
    • Philippines
    • Republic of Korea
    • Singapore
    • Chinese Taipei
    • Thailand
    • Belgium
    • Denmark
    • Estonia
    • Finland
    • France
    • Germany
    • Hungary
    • Ireland
    • Italy
    • Luxembourg
    • Netherlands
    • Norway
    • Poland
    • Portugal
    • Spain
    • Sweden
    • Switzerland
    • United Kingdom
    • Bahrain
    • Israel
    • Kuwait
    • Qatar
    • Saudi Arabia
    • South Africa
    • United Arab Emirates
    Want to be a global change-maker? Join our team.
  • India expand here
    • India
  • Americas expand here
    • Argentina
    • Brazil
    • Canada
    • Chile
    • Colombia
    • Ecuador
    • Mexico
    • Peru
    • Uruguay
    • USA
  • Asia Pacific expand here
    • Australia
    • Mainland China
    • Hong Kong SAR
    • Indonesia
    • Japan
    • Malaysia
    • New Zealand
    • Philippines
    • Republic of Korea
    • Singapore
    • Chinese Taipei
    • Thailand
  • Europe and UK expand here
    • Belgium
    • Denmark
    • Estonia
    • Finland
    • France
    • Germany
    • Hungary
    • Ireland
    • Italy
    • Luxembourg
    • Netherlands
    • Norway
    • Poland
    • Portugal
    • Spain
    • Sweden
    • Switzerland
    • United Kingdom
  • Middle East and Africa expand here
    • Bahrain
    • Israel
    • Kuwait
    • Qatar
    • Saudi Arabia
    • South Africa
    • United Arab Emirates
  • Find the latest news about TCS

    Stay up-to-date on all press announcements by TCS

    Discover more
    • News Alerts
    • Media Kit

    Recent News

    24 Nov 2025 TCS Drives Smarter Clinical Trials with New AI-powered TCS ADD™ Risk Based Quality Management Platform
    21 Nov 2025 Box and TCS Forge Partnership to Set New Benchmark for Intelligent Content Management for Enterprises
    14 Nov 2025 TCS Launches ‘Team SDG Universe’, a Free and Interactive Platform to Turn Every Child into a Sustainability Champion
    View all
    Find the latest news about TCS
  • News Alerts
  • Media Kit
  • Tata Consultancy Services Limited
    NSE:TCS
    INR
    Discover more
    • Management Commentary
    • Financials
    • News and Events
    • ESG
    • Resources
    • Latest Quarter Commentary
    • Annual Report Section
    • Quarterly Earnings Reports
    • Download TCS Data Sheet
    • Erstwhile CMC Financials
    • Press Releases
    • Corporate Actions
    • Events
    • Calendar
    • Environment
    • Social
    • Governance
    • Policies and Reports
    • Stakeholder Engagement and Enterprise Risk Management
    • Investor FAQs
    • eTDS Portal
    • Stock Information
    • Analyst Coverage
    • Subsidiaries
    • Subscribe to Investor Updates
    • Unclaimed Dividend Information
  • Management Commentary expand here
    • Latest Quarter Commentary
    • Annual Report Section
  • Financials expand here
    • Quarterly Earnings Reports
    • Download TCS Data Sheet
    • Erstwhile CMC Financials
  • News and Events expand here
    • Press Releases
    • Corporate Actions
    • Events
    • Calendar
  • ESG expand here
    • Environment
    • Social
    • Governance
    • Policies and Reports
    • Stakeholder Engagement and Enterprise Risk Management
  • Resources expand here
    • Investor FAQs
    • eTDS Portal
    • Stock Information
    • Analyst Coverage
    • Subsidiaries
    • Subscribe to Investor Updates
    • Unclaimed Dividend Information
  • Click here or press enter to go to homepage Click here or press enter to go to homepage Opens in new tab tata.com logo tata.com logoOpen in New Tab
    What we do

    Perpetually Adaptive Enterprise

    At TCS, we don’t just help businesses transform. We help them become perpetually adaptive enterprises, built to evolve continuously and confidently in a world of constant change.

    Adaptability starts here
    • Industries
    • Services
    • Products and Platforms
    • Research & Innovation
    • Alliances
    • Banking
    • Capital Markets
    • Consumer Packaged Goods and Distribution
    • Communications, Media, and Information Services
    • Education
    • Energy, Resources, and Utilities
    • Healthcare
    • High Tech
    • Insurance
    • Life Sciences
    • Manufacturing
    • Public Services
    • Retail
    • Travel and Logistics
    • Artificial Intelligence and Data & Analytics
    • Cloud
    • Cognitive Business Operations
    • Consulting
    • Cybersecurity
    • Enterprise Solutions
    • IoT and Digital Engineering
    • Network Solutions and Services
    • Sustainability Services
    • TCS Interactive
    • TCS ADD™
    • TCS BANCS™
    • TCS BFSI Platforms
    • TCS CHROMA™
    • TCS Customer Intelligence & Insights™
    • TCS ERP on Cloud
    • ignio™
    • TCS iON™
    • TCS HOBS™
    • TCS Intelligent Urban Exchange™
    • TCS OmniStore™
    • TCS Optumera™
    • TCS Tap™
    • Quartz™ – The Smart Ledgers™
    • TCS TwinX™
    • TCS MasterCraft™
    • Jile™
    • TCS DigiBOLT™
    • TCS AI WisdomNext™
    • TCS Research
    • TCS Pace™
    Perpetually Adaptive Enterprise
  • Industries expand here
    • Banking
    • Capital Markets
    • Consumer Packaged Goods and Distribution
    • Communications, Media, and Information Services
    • Education
    • Energy, Resources, and Utilities
    • Healthcare
    • High Tech
    • Insurance
    • Life Sciences
    • Manufacturing
    • Public Services
    • Retail
    • Travel and Logistics
  • Services expand here
    • Artificial Intelligence and Data & Analytics
    • Cloud
    • Cognitive Business Operations
    • Consulting
    • Cybersecurity
    • Enterprise Solutions
    • IoT and Digital Engineering
    • Network Solutions and Services
    • Sustainability Services
    • TCS Interactive
  • Products and Platforms expand here
    • TCS ADD™
    • TCS BANCS™
    • TCS BFSI Platforms
    • TCS CHROMA™
    • TCS Customer Intelligence & Insights™
    • TCS ERP on Cloud
    • ignio™
    • TCS iON™
    • TCS HOBS™
    • TCS Intelligent Urban Exchange™
    • TCS OmniStore™
    • TCS Optumera™
    • TCS Tap™
    • Quartz™ – The Smart Ledgers™
    • TCS TwinX™
    • TCS MasterCraft™
    • Jile™
    • TCS DigiBOLT™
    • TCS AI WisdomNext™
  • Research & Innovation expand here
    • TCS Research
    • TCS Pace™
  • Alliances
  • Who we are

    About Us

    We deliver excellence and create value for customers and communities - everyday. With the best talent and the latest technology we help customers turn complexity into opportunities and create meaningful change.

    Discover the difference
    • Brand
    • Leadership
    • Community
    • Sustainability
    • Inclusion
    • Values
    About Us
  • Brand
  • Leadership
  • Community
  • Sustainability
  • Inclusion
  • Values
  • Insights

    TCS Insights

    Point of views, research, studies - on the latest themes - to help you expand your knowledge and be future ready.

    Start reading now
    • Customer Stories
    • Events
    • Analyst Recognition
    • Global Studies

    Upcoming events

    15 Dec 2025 TCS Analyst Day 2025: Forging a Truly Adaptive Enterprise
    02 Dec 2025 TCS BaNCS at BankenTech 2025 Frankfurt
    01 Dec 2025 TCS at AWS re:Invent 2025
    View all

    Recent recognitions

    20 Nov 2025 TCS Recognized as a Leader in Healthcare Data, Analytics, and AI Services by Everest Group
    18 Nov 2025 TCS Recognized as a Leader in Retail and Consumer Packaged Goods Services by Everest Group
    11 Nov 2025 TCS Named a Leader in Digital Workplace Services by Everest Group
    View all
    TCS Insights
  • Customer Stories
  • Events
  • Analyst Recognition
  • Global Studies
  • Careers

    Want to be a global change-maker? Join our team.

    At TCS, we believe exceptional work begins with hiring, celebrating and nurturing the best people — from all walks of life.

    Join us
    • India
    • Americas
    • Asia Pacific
    • Europe and UK
    • Middle East and Africa
    • India
    • Argentina
    • Brazil
    • Canada
    • Chile
    • Colombia
    • Ecuador
    • Mexico
    • Peru
    • Uruguay
    • USA
    • Australia
    • Mainland China
    • Hong Kong SAR
    • Indonesia
    • Japan
    • Malaysia
    • New Zealand
    • Philippines
    • Republic of Korea
    • Singapore
    • Chinese Taipei
    • Thailand
    • Belgium
    • Denmark
    • Estonia
    • Finland
    • France
    • Germany
    • Hungary
    • Ireland
    • Italy
    • Luxembourg
    • Netherlands
    • Norway
    • Poland
    • Portugal
    • Spain
    • Sweden
    • Switzerland
    • United Kingdom
    • Bahrain
    • Israel
    • Kuwait
    • Qatar
    • Saudi Arabia
    • South Africa
    • United Arab Emirates
    Want to be a global change-maker? Join our team.
  • India expand here
    • India
  • Americas expand here
    • Argentina
    • Brazil
    • Canada
    • Chile
    • Colombia
    • Ecuador
    • Mexico
    • Peru
    • Uruguay
    • USA
  • Asia Pacific expand here
    • Australia
    • Mainland China
    • Hong Kong SAR
    • Indonesia
    • Japan
    • Malaysia
    • New Zealand
    • Philippines
    • Republic of Korea
    • Singapore
    • Chinese Taipei
    • Thailand
  • Europe and UK expand here
    • Belgium
    • Denmark
    • Estonia
    • Finland
    • France
    • Germany
    • Hungary
    • Ireland
    • Italy
    • Luxembourg
    • Netherlands
    • Norway
    • Poland
    • Portugal
    • Spain
    • Sweden
    • Switzerland
    • United Kingdom
  • Middle East and Africa expand here
    • Bahrain
    • Israel
    • Kuwait
    • Qatar
    • Saudi Arabia
    • South Africa
    • United Arab Emirates
  • Newsroom

    Find the latest news about TCS

    Stay up-to-date on all press announcements by TCS

    Discover more
    • News Alerts
    • Media Kit

    Recent News

    24 Nov 2025 TCS Drives Smarter Clinical Trials with New AI-powered TCS ADD™ Risk Based Quality Management Platform
    21 Nov 2025 Box and TCS Forge Partnership to Set New Benchmark for Intelligent Content Management for Enterprises
    14 Nov 2025 TCS Launches ‘Team SDG Universe’, a Free and Interactive Platform to Turn Every Child into a Sustainability Champion
    View all
    Find the latest news about TCS
  • News Alerts
  • Media Kit
  • Investors

    Tata Consultancy Services Limited
    NSE:TCS
    INR
    Discover more
    • Management Commentary
    • Financials
    • News and Events
    • ESG
    • Resources
    • Latest Quarter Commentary
    • Annual Report Section
    • Quarterly Earnings Reports
    • Download TCS Data Sheet
    • Erstwhile CMC Financials
    • Press Releases
    • Corporate Actions
    • Events
    • Calendar
    • Environment
    • Social
    • Governance
    • Policies and Reports
    • Stakeholder Engagement and Enterprise Risk Management
    • Investor FAQs
    • eTDS Portal
    • Stock Information
    • Analyst Coverage
    • Subsidiaries
    • Subscribe to Investor Updates
    • Unclaimed Dividend Information
  • Management Commentary expand here
    • Latest Quarter Commentary
    • Annual Report Section
  • Financials expand here
    • Quarterly Earnings Reports
    • Download TCS Data Sheet
    • Erstwhile CMC Financials
  • News and Events expand here
    • Press Releases
    • Corporate Actions
    • Events
    • Calendar
  • ESG expand here
    • Environment
    • Social
    • Governance
    • Policies and Reports
    • Stakeholder Engagement and Enterprise Risk Management
  • Resources expand here
    • Investor FAQs
    • eTDS Portal
    • Stock Information
    • Analyst Coverage
    • Subsidiaries
    • Subscribe to Investor Updates
    • Unclaimed Dividend Information
    Contact us
    tata.com logo tata.com logo Opens in new tab
    Top Results
    Showing
    10
    01 - 07
    • High Tech
    • Case Study

    TCS transforms IT infrastructure with next-gen endpoint management

    Share TCS, Dell and Intel Collaborate to Strengthen End Point Management for a Media Leader
    Linkedin
    X
    Facebook
    Email
    copied

    You have these already downloaded

    We have sent you a copy of the report to your email again.

    Industry

    High Tech This will open an overlay

    High Tech Solutions to Drive Business Transformation through Technology 

    Read how the technology industry can help drive business transformation and digital innovation and build a supply chain for the industries they serve. 
    Learn More
     about High Tech Solutions to Drive Business Transformation through Technology 
    Hitech-Card-1330x1270
    Related Insights
    Unlocking Generative AI’s Potential for the Future of Work
    Explore executive insights on how generative AI drives workplace transformation and enables smarter decision-making for personalized client engagement.
    Events
    26 Nov 2025
    Meet TCS at the Semiconductor Event
    Join TCS at the semiconductor industry event to see how we use generative AI, ML, IoT, and 5G to assist customers in mastering the semiconductor market.
    Events
    28 Feb 2025
    Rewiring Audit and Consulting with Generative and Agentic AI
    Explore how generative and agentic AI transform audit and consulting value chains, driving innovation and leadership in AI-powered professional services.
    Blog
    10 Nov 2025

    Services

    Cyber Security This will open an overlay

    Data and Cybersecurity to Fight off Cyberattacks

    With our expertise in IoT and AI techniques, TCS empowers enterprises to adopt robust cybersecurity strategies and fortify their operations. Learn more.
    Learn More
     about Data and Cybersecurity to Fight off Cyberattacks
    cyber-security-Tab-2048x1076
    Related Insights
    TCS Quantum Security Services for Cybersecurity and Risk Mitigation
    As quantum computing threatens traditional security, our services help adopt quantum safe cryptography and technologies for data integrity and a robust future.
    Solution
    27 Nov 2025
    TCS Security Services Integrated with Microsoft Cloud
    TCS delivers zero trust cybersecurity with Microsoft Cloud, enhancing enterprise security posture, compliance, and agility for evolving threats in the age of AI.
    Solution
    17 Nov 2025
    DevOps Security: Ways to Mitigate Cyber Risks and Gain Better Control
    From security automation to vulnerability assessment, here are steps that firms must adopt in the DevSecOps journey for better compliance and risk mitigation.
    Blog
    05 May 2023

    Highlights

    • Foxtel faced challenges with outdated IT infrastructure that limited remote BIOS updates, diagnostics, endpoint security, and hardware reliability, resulting in downtime and productivity loss.
    • The company sought an AI-ready, future-proof infrastructure to support its vision of a modern, agile, and resilient workplace.
    • TCS partnered with Intel to implement Intel® Endpoint Management Assistant and Dell AI-powered PCs, enabling secure out-of-band remote management, predictive performance, and optimized user experiences.

    In this article

    Overview   inpage
    Challenge   inpage
    Solution   inpage
    Outcome   inpage
    Overview inpage
    Challenge inpage
    Solution inpage
    Outcome inpage
    Back to top Go to top
    In this articleinpage
    Go to top
    Overview Challenge Solution Outcome

    Overview

    Foxtel is a leading player in the Australian media landscape, with a strong presence in both traditional TV and streaming services.

    The organization undertook IT infrastructure modernization to address hybrid work demands, seeking an AI-ready, future-proofed foundation that balanced operational agility with sustainability goals, while also resolving limitations of outdated, insecure, and failure-prone systems.

    Challenge

    Growing cybersecurity threats demanded stronger endpoint compliance and control, which legacy systems simply couldn’t provide.

    The organization’s legacy IT infrastructure struggled to keep pace with the demands of a hybrid workforce. Traditional tools made BIOS updates, remote diagnostics, and device power management cumbersome, especially outside the corporate network.

    Growing cybersecurity threats highlighted the need for stronger endpoint compliance and control, while outdated systems were prone to hardware failures, causing costly downtime and lost productivity.

    IT support teams were unable to respond with sufficient agility to ensure seamless remote assistance, and the existing infrastructure did not meet the performance standards necessary for demanding creative tasks such as media editing and broadcast operations.

    Solution

    TCS and Intel delivered a strategic, ecosystem-driven solution combining Intel’s technology leadership with Dell’s AI-powered device innovation.

    The collaboration began by defining key user personas and mapping them to the right Dell AI PC models. A phased rollout starting with a pilot and scaling to full deployment ensured smooth adoption.

    Secure Endpoint Management

    Through technical collaboration with Intel, TCS identified significant shortcomings in remote IT support, endpoint security, and user experience associated with legacy systems. To address these issues, Intel® Endpoint Management Assistant (EMA) was deployed, providing secure and remote out-of-band management capabilities essential for Foxtel’s hybrid and remote workforce.

    AI PC to meet evolving needs

    Multiple Dell AI PC configurations were selected to meet performance demands for creative workloads like media editing and broadcast operations, offering predictive performance, adaptive optimization and reduced lag.

    Outcomes

    Intel® EMA, Enabled Secure Endpoint Management for Foxtel

    Key outcomes included:

    • IT support demonstrated increased efficiency, resulting in expedited service ticket resolution and enhanced operational continuity.
    • System reliability improved significantly, resulting in far fewer instances of unplanned downtime.
    • Operational costs were optimized through proactive management and better use of resources.
    • The organization now has a future-ready technology foundation, that is equipped for future developments, supporting sustained adaptability and resilience over the long term.
    Swipe Left
    Swipe Right

    With a hybrid workforce spread across locations, we needed a way to manage and support devices remotely without adding complexity. The implementation of Intel® Endpoint Management Assistant by TCS has enabled us to maintain secure endpoint management, even when devices are off-network. This has streamlined our daily IT operations, bolstered our security posture, and significantly improved the user experience

    Sonny Wyatt

    Head of Enterprise Systems, Foxtel

    Case study

    5G O-RAN Elevating VIAVI Solutions’

    Read more
    Case study 5G O-RAN Elevating VIAVI Solutions

    Related reading

    Swipe Left
    Swipe Right

    Reimagining Kelly Services’ IT Service Desk with TCS

    Customer Testimonial | 14 Oct 2025   Opens in new tab

    TCS Helps SAP Achieve Seamless Cloud Migration to Optimize Operations

    Case Studies | 06 Jan 2025   Opens in new tab

    TCS Collaborates with SAP to Enable Enterprise-wide GenAI and Cloud Adoption For its Customer

    Press Releases | 30 Apr 2025   Opens in new tab

    Xerox Signs Deal with TCS to Transform its IT Technology Using Cloud and GenAI

    Press Releases | 21 Jun 2024   Opens in new tab

    Transformation starts here

    Ready for adaptive innovation?

    Talk to our experts
    Tata consultancy services
    ©2025 TATA Consultancy Services Limited
    ©2025 TATA Consultancy Services Limited
    • Privacy Notice
    • Cookie Policy
    • Accessibility Declaration
    • Disclaimer
    • Security Policy
    • California Notice at Collection
    • Customize Cookies
    More
    • Facebook Facebook   Open in New Tab
    • Youtube Youtube   Open in New Tab
    • Twitter-X Twitter-X   Open in New Tab
    • Instagram Instagram   Open in New Tab
    • linkedin linkedin   Open in New Tab
    Contact Contact Press Enter to open an overlay
    What’s on your mind?
    We’re here to help! Tell us what you’re looking for and we’ll get you connected to the right people.
    Request for Services
    Investor information
    Media contacts
    Looking for something else?
    Analyst relations
    CSR
    Partnership
    Website feedback
    Accessibility Adjustments

    Theme

    Font size

    A
    Default
    A

    Line height

    Default